Anesthesiology is the practice of medicine dedicated to the care of the surgical patient before, during and after surgery. Anesthesiologists not only immediately diagnose and treat medical problems that arise during surgery; they also provide medical care and pain relief in the recovery room. Many anesthesiologists chose to complete fellowships (specialty training) in areas such as critical medicine, obstetric, pediatric, cardiac, neuro anesthesia, or pain medicine. They provide more than 90% of the estimated 40 million anesthetics performed in the United States each year.